You have two nasal bones that form the bridge of your nose. It has an opening near the bottom that allows your spinal cord to meet your brain. They form the top and sides of your skull. You have two parietal bones on either side of your head. This bone forms your forehead and the upper portion of your eye sockets. Many of the bones of your skull are flat bones. The bones of your skull surround and protect your brain and also provide support to your face. All rights reserved.Examples of flat bones Flat bones of the skull Our study findings clarify the differences between parietal bone and scapula repair and suggest that the bone repair process differs among ossification patterns.īone healing Bone marrow Endochondral ossification Flat bone Intramembranous ossification.Ĭopyright © 2020 Japanese Association for Oral Biology. The mRNA expression of osteogenic markers in the periosteum was markedly upregulated in the scapula versus the parietal bone. Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin synthesis occurred earlier in the repair region of the scapular periosteum, compared with that in the parietal periosteum. Subsequently, the bony callus was remodeled to the original bone architecture. In the scapula, a bony callus was detected on the periosteum at day 7, and the aperture was bridged by day 14. The parietal bone aperture was gradually filled with newly formed bone produced from the edge of the aperture by day 14 but was not completely repaired even by day 49.
In both repair processes, cartilage formation was not detected on the periosteum side.
Samples were collected at indicated times after surgery, and the repair process was analyzed using micro-computed tomography, histological, immunohistochemical, and mRNA expression analyses. Here, we compared the bone repair processes in the parietal bone and scapula of adolescent mice.īone apertures were created in the parietal bone and scapula. However, the differences in the bone repair process have not been studied. The cell composition, osteogenic capacity, and bone matrix differ among osteogenesis patterns. Although fractures occur in various bones, including long, short, and flat bones, fracture repair investigations focus on the diaphysis of the long bone.
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